9.11 Cover-ups :: September 11th 911 9/11

As it is known on September 11th of 2001, the Twin Towers, the Pentagon, and expression 7 were affected by terrorist attacks, or were they? The Twin Towers were both collapse so was the construct 7 which was located next to the north and south tower. The Pentagon was except struck on one side of it but didnt do as much damage. Over 3,000 innocent people were intention in ally killed, thousands of solders were killed and other thousands were injured. To fuck off off small, the skyscraper known as realizeing 7 was not hit by an airplane, it was made up of steel and was only 47 stories high. It is said that that it collapsed at 530 pm. In the videos shown, on a website called ReOpen911.org, shows as well as many other videos that the building collapsed in a form on which a building would be like in a controlled demolition. There were also no fires what so ever. The lease holder of the World Trade contract (twin towers) Larry Silverstein said in a video himself that he ordered The New York fire department to pull it. This term means that they must destroy the building with explosives. The south tower collapsed in only one hour of burning and the north collapsed in two hours of burning. This is strange because the towers were well build, actually they were the best build towers known to man a tower in the Meridian Plaza in Philadelphia was burning for almost nineteen hours and didnt collapse. It all seems suspicious. They say by chance the jet fuel was the thing that made it collapse but they also said the plane tank was practically empty. The smoke also indicates that it was carbon found fumes and couldnt reach the temperature any higher then 1,800 degrees ferinheight, and steel melts at over two thousand degrees ferinheight. The clean up crew of the WTC found melted steels in the basement of the towers. There is an explosive that is well known to melt steel easily and its called C4. Then to top it off, all the evidence that was very important was ille gally destroyed. The investigators did no research on the items of the building. One weird thing happened to very little money was put into the investigating of the WTC which was only $600,000 and the investigation of Clintons affair cost $40 million.

The United States of Leland :: essays research papers

     In the movie, The United States of Leland, Leland Fitzgerald commits a murder and becomes the center of attention as people try to understand why he did it. The only mortal Leland trusts is Pearl, the juvenile hall teacher and aspiring writer who helps Leland to examine the truth of his crime. Unkn sustain to Leland, Pearl had his own agenda, and uses Leland to obtain material for a book. Pearl does this until he begins to see that Leland is giving him something he never expected. Leland is not given the concrete answer Pearl seeks, but the realization that now is the time to change his own life for the better.      Leland is a soft spoke fifteen-year-old boy that appeared to be headed in the right direction despite his unusual background and past life. He locomote around from place to place, with no foundation or person to attach himself to. His background and past actions, being as they were, did not show signs that would prove him a criminal.     The movies organization was very confusing and messy towards the beginning, but was done on purpose. This disorganization parallels the disorganization of Lelands thinking and feelings. He began talk with Pearl. The relationship seemed to be one that was to help Leland figure out his reason of committing murder, but in actuality the words and reasoning of life Leland gave allowed us to relate our mistakes with his. As various people try to deal with Lelands murder they all expose their own mistakes and we get to see how different people deal with them. The most coition message comes from the conversations between Leland and Pearl. Pearl is not a great guy himself - hes a liar, drinks too much, cheats on his girlfriend, and uses others for his own benefit. He is called on a tidy sum of this and responds with the usual "Im only human" lines until Leland calls even those into question. Leland asks, "How come people only say that when the yve done something bad - never when they save a baby from a burning building?" He gets Pearl to admit that he wanted to do those wrong things and that is why he did it. Pearl realizes that he had no plea for what he did and needs to deal with it. It is scenes like these that pull us away from contemplating Lelands crime and forces us to deal with our own motives.

Lovers :: Personal Narrative Sex Relationships Essays

Lovers My mother went to Barnard on a full scholarship. She commuted from home, two hours a day on the subway. One night after a capital of South Carolina party, she was up a ladder taking megabucks crepe paper when an orange hit her on the back of the head. It thumped to the ground and rolled under a stool, where my buzz off knelt to retrieve it. He tossed the orange across the room to a friend his intended target and offered my mother his hand.In my fluctuation, she shakes off his attempts to help her down from the ladder. Does not speak to him for months because shes so offended at being hit on the back of the head with the orange. Looks the other way when he passes on the street. Starts dating his roommate. In my version, the roommate cant be there for a date theyre supposed to have. He has an emergency to deal with a death in the family, a last-minute pinball competition at the pizza place, what have you. My father answers her knock with as much grace and entice as he can muster. Hello, he says. Are you here to see Bob?Yes, she says, stepping cautiously over the threshold.He isnt here, my father says. He had to go to a funeral/pinball semi-final/what-have-you.My mother Oh. Of course, she could just step back across the threshold and find another way to spend her evening. only in my version she does not. She sits on the couch, tugging her mini skirt to cover more of her nicely shaped legs. My father brings out a basket of butter crackers and wedges of cheese. They talk approximately politics, literature. Something. What would my parents discuss during their first conversation? Now, after thirty years of marriage, their communication isnt even verbal each speaks through the others eyes. But how did they communicate then, when they were still new?Of course, this night kicked off the ravenous affair that would become my parents marriage. In my version, they could not keep their eyes (or their hands) off each other. They went over in each others c ompany the dining hall, where my mother sneaked my father in on her meal ticket the library, where he tossed spitballs into her hair the movies, where they nuzzled at the back of the room, my father attempting a hand on her thigh, my mother staring straight ahead, her arms and legs rigid.

Cognitive Development in Infants Essay -- Child Development

This motif is going to carry out a literature review on cognitive development in infants. The paper entrust review cognitive development in infants at different stages. Effects of early experience on mental development in infants will also be discussed. The research question and the hypothesis of the research will also be given.Keywords infants, development, experience cognitive Development in InfantsIntroduction feeler made in regard to cognitive neuroscience has enabled a better understanding of the cognitive processes in infants. Studies have indicated that cognitive development in infants starts before they atomic number 18 born. In the eighth week of pregnancy, fetuses have the ability to hear. They become accustomed to their mothers voice and voices of close family members, fetuses also have the ability of listening to music. After they be born, millions of neurons interconnect in their brain, which enable them to think and learn. Scientists have established that experienc es of infants in terms of touch, sight and perception in the first years of their existence, has the potential of touching their brain development in the later years (Goswami, 1993, p. 157). This literature review is going to examine cognitive development in infants and how early experiences affects cognitive development. Cognitive Development in InfantsCognitive development is a term used to refer to the process through which infants or children develop language, thinks, gain knowledge, and solve problems. For example, when infants appoint colors or differentiate things, they are performing cognitive tasks. Infants normally learn through interactions with objects and people, in addition to their senses. When infants interact with their world and ... ...ackwell handbook of puerility cognitive development. Malden, MA Blackwell Pub.Goswami, U. (1993). Cognitive development the learning brain. Hove, East Sussex Psychology Press.Galton Institute. (2001). Perceptual cognitive developme nt. Los Angeles, CA Galton Institute.Gauvain, M. (2006). The social context of cognitive development. New York, NY Guilford Press.Nelson, K. (2001). words in cognitive development emergence of the mediated mind. Cambridge, MA Cambridge Univ. Press. Oakley, L. (2004). Cognitive Development. New York, NY Routledge.Ruffin, N. J. (2009). Understanding Growth and Development Patterns of Infants. Virginia Cooperative Extension. Retrieved April, 17, 2012 http//pubs.ext.vt.edu/350/350-053/350-053.htmlWachs, T. D., & Gruen, G. E. (2006). Early experience and world development. New York, NY Plenum Pr.

Electrical Engineer Essay -- essays research papers

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERDESCRIPTION&8220Electrical engineers design, and evaluate the manufacture,testing, installation, operation, and maintenance of electrical andelectronic components, equipment and systems.1 Electricalengineers lend with an array of equipment and machinery, such astransformers, switches, electrical appliances and types of generators,and are considered in fields involving communications, radar,aerospace guidance, medical and biomedical research and computers. ENVIRONMENTPrecision is a very regarded tax for an electrical engineer. Theuse of hands on techniques and a vast knowledge of mathematicsmakes for the engineer to be very detailed in his or her work. must(prenominal) becreative and initiating, and must be perspective in dealing with workand the communication of others. Must have a feel for science andtechnicality. utilisation is mostly done indoors in offices, labs, andfactories. Teamwork is essential, as work is often compared withothers. Since technology i s expanding as time goes on, a continuingeducation is a must. Computers are used often to learn applicationsand techniques.PAY AND OUTLOOKPay varies depending on education, experience, and your placeof employment. &8220Starting salaries range from $805 to $3,810 permonth. Experience will land you from $1,295 to $4,980 per month,and top ranges $1,510 to $5,199 per month. (California pay) St...

Electrical Engineer Essay -- essays research papers

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERDESCRIPTION&8220 galvanising engineers design, and evaluate the manufacture,testing, installation, operation, and maintenance of electrical andelectronic components, equipment and systems.1 Electricalengineers work with an array of equipment and machinery, such astransformers, switches, electrical appliances and types of generators,and are considered in fields involving communications, radar,aerospace guidance, medical and biomedical research and computers. ENVIRONMENTPrecision is a genuinely regarded value for an electrical engineer. Theuse of hands on techniques and a vast knowledge of mathematicsmakes for the engineer to be very detailed in his or her work. Must becreative and initiating, and must be perspective in dealing with workand the communication of others. Must have a feel for science andtechnicality. Work is mostly done indoors in offices, labs, andfactories. Teamwork is essential, as work is often compared withothers. Since technology is expanding as time goes on, a continuingeducation is a must. Computers are used often to learn applicationsand techniques.PAY AND OUTLOOKPay varies depending on education, experience, and your placeof employment. &8220Starting salaries range from $805 to $3,810 permonth. Experience will land you from $1,295 to $4,980 per month,and meridian ranges $1,510 to $5,199 per month. (California pay) St...

J&J Automotive Sales

1. Explain how you think the stereotype of used-car dealers developed. Stereotyping is like Building what is not thought to be said about the product, assuming that the used cars certainly ordain break down and others see it like purchasing used cars is not sensible because of maintaining it will be more than expensive instead others will buy a commemorate new car. 2. What, if anything, can Joe do to counter this stereotype?Joe, says that building a good relationship with all his customers is compulsory, and He should be concerned about their Sensitivity and to be awargon of their needs and wants for purchasing a suitable car, knowing what is the need of the customer is knowing what is the best car fit to their need. It is also showing concern for them. Joe will spend extra time in his work to achieve great customer satisfaction and high quality. He will also find a way to interact with his customers for future needs.3. In what ways might this stereotype be beneficial to Joe? To potential customers? Stereotyping could be helpful if it can give Joe a positive subject to gain his sales and customers. To have more potential customers positive stereotyping is helpful because the sooner customers are satisfied with their own needs the more the effect will shape up their friends to see them that the used car they bought to Joe is good as new but absolutely not as expensive as buying a brand new car. 4. AutoNation is 93 on the 2003 Fortune 500.It has created a huge business by exploiting the publics perception of used-car dealers. What do you think they have through to change the stereotype? One of the largest retailers in America is Auto Nation, I think what they need to do is to change the awareness of their product to the public. They are more clear to their product and they are setting series of tests and doing over all set-up to their used cars so that buyers will certainly be satisfied. AutoNation builds its integrity for the public to be aware of how s afe and secure their vehicles are that they purchased.Testing others to try their products to know what is slowing their system down, I think they are testing their critics in lie of the public to try their product and tell to the public the problem and the perception of the public to that experience will have make it a positive effect Also if the used car will encounter some problems. On this Case Base on the class debate the idea of awareness is multitude only see what is on the outside and in that scene they are assuming or inferring what is the behavior of an individual only to find out they are wrong.

Boeing Internal Analysis

Boeing Internal Analysis Purpose This report discussed the components of internal analysis, competitive advantage, and strategic competitiveness of Boeing Company. This is done by analyzing the tangible & intangible asset resources, capabilities, and core competencies in order to clarify Boeings strengths and weaknesses. Resources Exhibit 1 Tangible Intangible Manufacturing plants Boeings digital design softw ar Composite and coat materials Dynamic assembly line Headquarters pass watering Moonshine teams strategyMachinery used for lean production Boeings brand name Financing/ institute aid from NASA Boeings newest atomic number 19, the 787, is made taboo of composite plastics and carbon fiber in order to be more efficient and comfortable. The new materials allow the canvas to be pressurized at a lower elevation, which results in less jet lag. Also, the cabin humidity can be raised to around 20% because these materials do not corrode like metals. Through the use of lean produc tions, Boeing significantly reduce the cost of machinery used for manufacturing, along with inventory costs.For financial resources, Boeing received $12 billion from NASA to develop technology. They also received $1 billion in loans from Mitsubishi, Kawasaki, and Fuji for the development of the 787. Furthermore, Boeing had received launch aid from U. S. Government subsidies. Boeing has a report as one of the best manufacturers of commercial and military jets. Its strong brand and name represents the position in the aerospace industry. Boeing has encountered some scandals in upper management, however they are trying to restructure its reputation and make a comeback.Capabilities Exhibit 2 Cap superpower Valuable Rare Costly to imitate Non-substitutable Dynamic Assembly Yes Yes Yes Yes hunt Production Yes Yes Yes Yes Composite Materials Yes Yes Yes Yes Lean production at Boeing was a very important and effective decision. They were able to design equipment that cost amazingly less a nd was frequently more efficient than the machines they were using at the magazine. A router was built for 0. 2% cost of their larger one and a drill machine was built for 5% cost of the previous model.They used a hay loader to put the seats into the planes, rather than using a crane, which reduced production time from twelve hours down to only devil hours. Production of landing gear components took 32 moves over 10 months, but with the lean production strategy it only took 3 moves and the time span was reduced to 25 days. Dynamic assembly was an important change at Boeing as well. Before, planes had to be jacked into position at one station, naturaliseed on, down-jacked from the station, and travel with a power cart to the next station.This process could take up to two, ten hour shifts. By using a sled that drags the plane two inches per minute, Boeing reduced production time in half. Core Competencies One of Boeings core competencies would be utilizing composite plastics in the manufacturing of their jets. This is valuable because it allows them to build a jet that can travel faster, farther, and with more comfort than on previous jets. It can be considered costly to imitate because when Airbus built a model to compete, the A350, its performance was otiose to compare to that of Boeings 787.The composite materials are non-substitutable because it is currently the highest grade technology jet manufacturing industry. It is rare because only Boeing and Airbus are in the commercial jet industry, and Airbuss model cannot compare. Another core competency would be Boeings ability to use lean production. This is valuable because it allowed Boeing to free up 1. 3 million hearty feet of space and sell seven buildings by switching to a just-in-time inventory. Also, they were able to reduce costs of equipment and speed up the manufacturing process drastically.It is socially complex because it uses numerous different strategies to create one finished product. There a re no substitutes that compare to lean production as far as time and bills savings, and it is rare because Airbus and Boeing are the commercial jet companies to use it. The third core competency is Boeings dynamic assembly line. This was a valuable change to Boeing because it reduced assembly time by 50%, or from 22 days down to 11 days. The planes move 80 feet every shift and lights determine the locating of the assembly line.Dynamic assembly lines are costly to imitate and rare due to the size of the plant and the components used in order to pull such a large craft throughout the building. The only substitute of a dynamic assembly line is a static assembly line, and the dynamic one performs a great deal more efficiently. Weaknesses * Ineffective top management Boeing was recently faced with the scandals which hurt the reputation of Boeing. The top management recognized the problem and tried to figure it out by effective management strategies. * Outsourcing In 1997, Boeing lost $ 1. billion against their earnings due to problems with the supply of critical components. They had to halt the production of the 737 and the 747. In 2006, suppliers for Boeings 787 exp completion behind schedule which resulted in a delay of production. Value Chain Analysis The industry value chain is the process from the suppliers of the raw material to the end customers who demand the service of transportation. Boeing found itself in the crucial situation of having lost market share to Airbus. Boeing had to act in response by enhancing customer benefits to retaking an advantage over its competitors.The fundamental idea was an innovative renovation in the supply chain process, which would redefine Boeings role as a coordinator and planimeter rather than simply the manufacturer. At the heart of the supply chain transformation process was the strategy to outsource more than 70% of the 787s production. Boeing introduced new confound management techniques by sharing risk with partner s. The companies sharing risk transformed the entire 787 program. The risk shared by partners in investing their own metropolis in the 787 program cut approximately 55% of Boeings development cost required for the program, which was $6 billion.Boeings outsourcing process has dramatically reduced the manufacturing time from roughly two weeks to as little as three days. Saving such significant time greatly decreases labor and inventory costs for the fellowship as outsourced components reach the assembly site with pre-fitted sub-systems. This approach streamlines and adds efficiencies to the assembly process. (Boeing value chain report, 2010) Competitive Advantage * Works more with both its customers and suppliers to design and build the best aircrafts on the market. R&D departments which are able to design and implement better aircrafts which reduce the costs and make more efficiency. * Flexible work schedules for the employees. * Boeings name and brand bring a strong competitive ad vantage between Boeing and Airbus. Exhibit 3 Profitability ratios Boeing Airbus Net profit moulding 3. 6% 0. 3% Gross profit margin 18. 02% 11. 95% Asset turnover 1. 1 0. 55 Return on assets 6. 16% 1. 07% The profitability ratios designate that Boeing had a moderate and good profitability compare with other company (such as Airbus).The return of assets of over 6 % shows an overall strong earning power of Boeings total assets. Strategic Competitiveness Boeing has implemented outsourcing to build better and more efficient airplanes by using portions of other companies knowledge and research with their own. This has helped them produce airplanes at a much lower cost. Boeings strategy was to develop the 787 at a very low cost. By doing this, Boeing believes it can compete with Airbus new Super big project. Boeing focused on medium capacity aircraft which can hold 250 people, whereas Airbus focused on super jumbo jets, which contain 550 people.Overall Boeing has achieved higher qualit y and efficiency. Boeing pins its hope on a different strategy and does not take the hub-and-spoke concept as a given. The Boeing 787 is the solution for non-stop, point-to-point flights between secondary cities. Conclusion Boeings ability to develop lean production, use of composite materials, and dynamic assembly methods are their strengths. Their weaknesses include poor upper management and unreliable outsourcing. In the future, Boeing needs to regard higher quality upper management and more reliable suppliers.

The Traumatic Brain Injury Health And Social Care Essay

Traumatic injure of the caput and psyche has been a serious coming back for human since the morning of civilisation. Even early Hagiographas in neurosurgery describe c ar of head damage. The wit is a partly solid construction that weighs about 3 pounds and utilizes almost 80 % of the original structure s entire volume ingestion of O ( Heegaard ) . When external compel is applied, an change in wit map may ensue. This change in psyche map is referred to as traumatic encephalon shock ( TBI ) ( Menon ) .TBI occurs most normally after a abrupt blow or daze to the caput ( Spencer ) . in that location are 3 direct mechanisms of TBI infract blunt, penet place, and blast ( Nolan ) . TBI may be bats, moderate or disgustful. Badness is frequently outgrowth determined by an sign test that includes appraisal on the Glasgow Coma Scale, and appraisal of the cranial spunk physicalal reactions, which includes an appraisal of student size and responsiveness of the students, corneal physiological reaction, and joke physiological reaction, and a repel scrutiny. An test is anyway d genius to respect for coincident cervical spinal column hurt ( Callahan ) . More advanced appraisal techniques, such as CT and MRI are utilized to measure TBI abuses as hurt advancements.There are devil categorizations of TBI direct abuses and secondary abuses. The primary abuse occurs at the minute of baffle-to doe with. The secondary abuse consists of the complications that guide from the primary abuse. For illustration, the primary abuse may dwell of the sack in encephalon tissue papers that answers from a blow to the caput ( Menon ) . The secondary abuse may so dwell of the gradual puffiness that occurs in the injured encephalon. opus TBI may manifestation stray and trauma confined to the caput, it is in fact a complex, chronic, and dynamic procedure that requires consistent attending as associated affected organic structure systems are man mountd ( Losiniecki, Masel ) . Additionally, TBI invests otherwise and mustiness be set otherwise in polar populations. Neonates, kids, and geriatric populations present in different ways and must be treated otherwise in neurosurgical units for both tame and terrible TBI.EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGYTBI is the taking force of morbidity and mortality after deformity ( Berry et al, in Ough ) and nowadayss as the taking global cause of morbidity and mortality in persons under 45 gaga ages of age ( Werner ) . TBI represents to a greater extent than than half of the injury related excretes in the United States ( Menaker. However, mortality from TBI has improved signifi butt jointtly over the past 2 decennaries as a egress of betterments made in neurosurgical attention, turning away(p) of serious comorbidities that croupe happen inmate, and interferences in the public sentry duty sector ( DeCuypere ) .The estimated one-year incidence of TBI in the United States is about 1.7 million haps, with ab out 506 instances per from each one 100,000 this estimation does nt take into consideration TBI pr even outted by long-sufferings evaluated at military infirmaries or Veterans personal businesss, or those who are undiagnosed because they choose non to seek interposition ( Ough ) . Disclosed happening of TBI is greater in developing states this is mostly been attributed to increased rates in motor fomite hurts ( Corrigan et al, in Ough ) .In the United States, major(ip) hazard factors associated with TBI are age, gender, and quality of insurance. While the most commonplace causes of TBI are falling, motor vehicle hits, being hit by an object, and assault, age makes a engagement when it comes to prevalence of hurt. Across the board, the greatest subscriber to TBI hurts, exigency fashion visits, and hospitalizations in the U.S. is falling, with the most frequent hurts happening in those under 4 old ages of age or over 75 old ages of age ( Faul, in Ough ) . The greatest subscrib er to TBI hurts in persons 15 to 24 old ages of age is centrifugal vehicle hits. Motor vehicle hits besides stomach the exaltedest mortality rate associated with TBI ( Faul, in Ough ) . In the paediatric population, major causes of TBI vary by age. In babies, inflicted TBI is the major cause of TBI ( Keenan, in Ough ) . In yearlings, falling is the major subscriber to TBI ( Giza, in Ough ) . In older kids and striplings, motor vehicle hits are the chief cause of TBI ( Faul, in Ough ) . sex besides affairs. Males are twice every bit likely to endure a TBI as were females ( Faul et al, in Ough ) Additionally, uninsured or publically insured patients were twice every bit likely to endure TBI when compared with in private insured patients.In the United States, of the 1.1 million persons who suffer TBI each twelvemonth and are evaluated in the exigency room, 50,000 dice. Children 14 old ages of age and younger history for more than 2,600 rifles, and kids amidst the ages of 0 4 and 15 19 accept the highest per centum of visits to the exigency room as a consequence of TBI. Adults older than 75 old ages of age have the highest per centum of hospitalizations and decease as a consequence of TBI ( Menaker ) .Initial rating of severity of TBI is similar to the initial rating done on all trauma patients. The initial test includes appraisal on the Glasgow Coma Scale, and appraisal of the cranial nervus physiological reactions, which includes an appraisal of student size and responsiveness of the students, corneal physiological reaction, and joke physiological reaction, and a motor scrutiny. An test is besides done to measure for coincident cervical spinal column hurt ( Callahan ) . From at that place, practicians must be watchful for ever-evolving secondary abuses, hurts that may include hypotension, anaemia, hypercarbia, acapnia, hypotension, intracranial high short letter pressure, lesions that work to compact unaffected tissues, intellectual hydrops, and hypoxi a.Epidemiology of Mild Traumatic Brain InjuryNinety per centum of TBIs are considered mild, with infrequent intracranial complications that are either life threatening ( 10 % of instances ) or necessitate neurosurgical intercession ( 1 % of instances ) ( Vos ) . Approximately 275,000 hospital ratings occur every twelvemonth in the U.S. for nonfatal TBI. A concussion is considered a mild TBI ( Callahan ) . One survey ( McCrea et al, in Iverson ) on concussions in athleticss reported that 30 % of high school football participants indicated that they had suffered at least one concussion previously 15 % of participants indicated that they had suffered a concussion during the present football season.There are about 1.12 million mild TBIs each twelvemonth in the U.S. However, figure may be underestimated, as many persons who sustain mild TBI do non seek medical attending after being injured and are hence non evaluated in the exigency room or admitted into the infirmary ( Sosin, in Ivers on ) .MechanismUnderstanding the mechanism of hurt is indispensable for proper intervention. This offers several indispensable jeopardizes to the health professional the first is the circumstances to be assured that no facet of the initial hurt has been overlooked or missed ( Nolan ) the second is the chance to avoid possible complications secondary to the primary abuse.There are 3 primary mechanisms of TBI hurt blunt, penetrating, and blast. However, it is the conveyance of energy to encephalon tissue that causes the subsequent harm. This conveyance may be summarized as followsKE = M/2 x V2in which KE = kinetic energy M = mass and V = speed.Beginning ( Nolan ) uncivil TraumaBlunt traumatic hurt is the most common cause of TBI. Blunt trauma often consequences from motor vehicle accidents, bike or bike accidents, falls, featuring accidents, or assaults. Motor vehicle accidents account for 50 % of all blunt traumatic hurts. This figure includes accidents that consist of motor veh icles, bikes, bikes, motor vehicle and prosaic hits. ( Nolan ) .Determining force of impact in blunt traumatic hurt, peculiarly in motor vehicle accidents, helps practicians predict stiffness of hurt, short and long term set up, and likely forecast. In motor vehicle accidents, force is determined by 5 different factors mass ten acceleration, way, continuance, and rate. To give an illustration If an unrestrained passenger is thrown from an car going at 30 miles per hour, this is the same force of impact as if that someone fell from a 3 narrative edifice.Badness of hurt, and subsequent anticipation of effects can be determined by the per centum of impact the rider absorbs. For case, in a bike accident, the rider absorbs 100 % of the force of impact. TBI in bike accidents causes 75 % of all correlative deceases. However, if the rider wears a helmet, hazard of decease diminutions, because the rider will absorb a lower force of impact in the lawsuit of an accident.Similarly, if rider s in cars wear safety belts, or are siting in cars equipped with air bags, the hazard of decease diminutions, because the rider will absorb a lower force of impact in the event of an accident than they would accommodate if they had hit a windscreen or a place unrestrained.It is of import for practicians to cognize if incoming patients with TBI were in accidents with or without keeping devices.Penetrating TraumaPenetrating traumatic hurt is the consequence of a blunt of crisp object perforating the skull. The encephalon is so exposed and the object enters the encephalon. While force of impact is a factor in puckishness of hurt in perforating injury, factors such as point of entry and angle and deepness of entry must besides be considered when finding purpose and badness of hurts.The highest figure of deceases related to perforating TBI are attribu disconcert to gunshot lesions. Practitioners are good served in holding basic cognition of ballistic trajectories and kinematics. Put exactly, ballistic trajectories trades with the safety valve mechanics of objects such as slugs. Kinematicss in human gesture trades with the survey of human placement, angles, and speed in assorted organic structure sections ( Richey ) . In discussion gunshot lesions, these scientific disciplines may be used to find achievement and badness of hurt by first finding flight, force, and gesture.Three factors that determing the extent of hurt in gunshot lesions are frontal country, speed, and distance. The frontal country is the surface country of the slug where it strikes an object. Velocity refers to rush and is cardinal in the general extent of the hurt. Higher speed means higher energyer, which translates into higher force of impact. What this basically translates into is that a little quality slug going really fast can make more harm than a big quality slug going easy, and high speed arms do more harm than sightly speed arms. Therefore, speed in an hurt is an of import conside ration for practicians. Finally, distance refers to how far off the victim was from the arm that caused the harm. When there is great distance amidst the victim and the arm, there has been chance for air opposition to diminish the speed of the slug, which decreases energy and therefore descreases the subsequent force of impact. This means that cognizing the approximative distance between the victim and the arm is of import for practicians in finding extent and badness of hurts, every bit good as finding possible secondary complications.Blast TraumaBlast traumatic hurt consequences from a combination of blunt and perforating force hurts and is going more common. Blast traumatic hurt is often seen in soldiers returning from war zones, and understand the mechanics of blast traumatic hurt is of import for practicians so they can understand how to care for patients who have suffered these injuries.CategorizationTBI hurt may be classified as either primary or secondary.Primary AbusesThe primary abuse in TBI occurs at the minute of impact. The primary abuse is the initial physical supplanting of physical encephalon tissue ( Menon ) . When the impact occurs, the extent of badness of hurt may be determined by the extent to which intellectual perfusion force per unit field of battle ( CPP ) is adequately accommodateed. This is gauged by analyzing autoregulation of intellectual fall flow ( CBF ) , which is approximately estimated through ciphering CPP by taking the difference between the average arterial force per unit area ( MAP ) and intracranial force per unit area ( ICP ) . Cerebral blood vass autoregulate and maintain the desired CBF by compressing and distending in solvent to altering physiologic conditions ( Zwienenberg, in Heegaard ) . However, in the event of injury, autoregulation and CBF are often disrupted.When there is direct tissue harm that leads to dis-regulation of intellectual blood flow, metamorphosis is in influence disrupted, which consequence s in anaerobiotic metamorphosis. Anaerobic metamorphosis does non supply sufficient electric cellphone energy hence, this in bend leads to the depletion of ATP shops and the membrane ion pump fails, as it is dependent on cellular energy. When the membrane ion pump fails, there is aggregate membrane depolarisation and a going away of a tide of excitant neurotransmitters. This in bend incites propagation of free groups. These events descend and lead to necrotic cell decease, which so incites secondary abuses. The extent of alteration to these facets is straight correlated with clinical result ( Heegaard ) .Immediate cell decease is the consequence of the primary hurt, and this harm to the encephalon tissue is irreversible ( Albert-Weisenberger ) . This is why many interventions focus on the suppression of secondary abuse Cascadess to nurse the unity of the staying neurological architecture.Secondary AbusesThe secondary abuse consists of the complications that result from the pri mary abuse. Secondary abuses evolve more easy than primary abuses. Secondary hurts are both the consequence of badness of the primary hurt and may lend to the deterioration of the result of the primary hurt. Additionally, the type and grade of the secondary hurt is a major make up ones minding factor in the concluding clinical result ( Heegaard ) .Secondary abuses can be either extracranial or intracranial ( Maas ) . Examples of extracranial secondary abuses are hypoxia, hypothermia, hyperthermy, and hypotension. Examples of intracranial secondary abuses are intracranial high blood pressure, lesions that work to impact unaffected tissues, and intellectual hydrops. Secondary abuses may hold utmost inauspicious effects should they happen either prehospital or in infirmary, and practicians should watch for happening of these hurts.PATHOPHYSIOLOGYGeneral PathophysiologyOne signature feature of TBI is diffuse axonal hurt, which occurs as a direct consequence of the injury ( Sahler ) . Di ffuse axonal hurt consequences from rotational forces that are in drama during traumatic impact. This is an illustration of a primary abuse, or hurt. There is direct tissue harm that leads to dis-regulation of intellectual blood flow and disrupted metamorphosis, which consequences in anaerobiotic metamorphosis. Anaerobic metamorphosis does non supply sufficient cell energy hence, this in bend leads to the depletion of ATP shops and the membrane ion pump fails, as it is dependent on cellular energy. When the membrane ion pump fails, there is aggregate membrane depolarisation and a release of a tide of excitant neurotransmitters. This in bend incites coevals of free groups. These events cascade to organize a perfect storm that lead to necrotic cell decease. This so leads to secondary abuses that may include conditions such as hypotension, anaemia, hypercarbia, acapnia, hypotension, intracranial high blood pressure, lesions that work to compact unaffected tissues, intellectual hydrops , and hypoxia.Specific PathophysiologyCerebral Blood FlowThe extent of badness of hurt may be determined by the extent to which intellectual perfusion force per unit area ( CPP ) is adequately maintained. This is gauged by analyzing autoregulation of intellectual blood flow ( CBF ) , which is approximately estimated through ciphering CPP by taking the difference between the average arterial force per unit area ( MAP ) and intracranial force per unit area ( ICP ) . Cerebral blood vass autoregulate and maintain the desired CBF by compressing and distending in repartee to altering physiologic conditions ( Zwienenberg, in Heegaard ) . However, in the event of injury, autoregulation and CBF are often disrupted.The Brain Trauma Foundation offers guidelines for pull offing CPP in patients who have suffered terrible TBI. It is recommended that CPP be maintained at over 60 millimeters Hg in these patients, as it has been shown that a really low CPP carries a important hazard of intellectual ischaemia, which in bend triggers a cascade of minus pathophysiological procedures that threaten the unity of encephalon constructions ( Zink et al ) .Cerebrovascular AutoregulationAfter TBI occurs, autoregulation of CBF significance cerebrovascular bottleneck or dilation that occurs in solution to either additions or less(prenominal)enings in CPP is afflicted or wholly destroyed in most patients ( Werner ) . Defective autoregulation of CBF may show itself instantly after the injury or it may develop over clip, and it is either transient or persistent in nature irrespective of the badness of the harm caused.Additionally, autoregulatory vasoconstriction appears to be more immune than does autoregulatory vasodilation. This indicates that patients may be more sensitive to damage from lower instead than higher CPPs.Cerebral VasospasmAn of import secondary abuse that decides patient result ( 37, 51, from Werner ) is post-traumatic intellectual vasospasm, which occurs in over tierce of TBI patients. Vasospasm indicates terrible encephalon harm. The extent of hypoperfusion and temporal profile with post-traumatic vasospasm contrasts vasospasm that occurs post-aneurysmal subarachnoidal bleeding.Onset varies from twenty-four hours 2 to twenty-four hours 15 and hypoperfusion typically occurs in 50 % of patients that develop vasospasm.Cerebral Metabolic DysfunctionCerebral metamorphosis and energy are frequently reduced after TBI ( 15, 12, 18, 23 Werner ) . The grade of decrease or failure of metamorphosis straight relates to the badness of the primary abuse, and result is worse in patients with lower metabolic rates as compared to patients with minor or no intellectual metabolic disfunction ( 72 Werner ) .An alternate event, hypermetabolism, may besides happen ( 4, 9, in Werner ) . This event is driven by the brief loft fluxation of the transmembrane with back-to-back neuroexcitation that are non sufficiently met by additions in CBF. This failure supports the cas cade of secondary ischaemic hurt.Cerebral OxygenationA characterizing quality of TBI is the instability between the bringing and ingestion of intellectual O. This mismatch is induced by several vascular and hemodynamic mechanisms, but the common end point to be discussed is tissue hypoxia.The critical threshold of O force per unit area, as measured in the encephalon tissue of patients stand from TBI indicates, is 15-10 millimeter Hg PtO2 ( 28, 56 ) . Below this threshold, infarction of the neural tissue occurs. Consequently, the extent and continuance of tissue hypoxia correlates with result.However, want of O to the encephalon with secondary encephalon harm may happen even with normal CPP or intracranial force per unit area ( ICP ) ( 65 ) .EdemaEdema formation is a frequent happening after TBI. Brain odema related to structural harm or osmotic instability prompted by the primary or secondary abuse.Vasogenic encephalon hydropsCaused by autodigestive or mechanical break or the dislo cation of the endothelial cells of the encephalon. This allows for uncontrolled ion and protein transportation from the intravascular encephalon to the interstitial encephalon, which prompts H2O accretion and increases extracellular infinite. ( 16,68 )Cytoxic encephalon hydropsThe qualifying factor of this hydrops is the intracellular accretion of nerve cells, astrocytes, and microglia. This occurs irrespective of the vascular endothelial cell wall, and is caused by increased membrane permeableness, the failure of the ionic pump as a consequence of energy depletion, and reabsorbtion of osmotically active solutes ( 64, 68 )Both vasogenic and cytoxic edemic relate to increased ICP and secondary ischaemic abuses ( 41, 42 )InflammationTBI prompts an rank of immunological and inflammatory tissue responses. Both primary and secondary abuses prompt the release of free groups, proinflammatory cytokines, and prostaglandins.Necrosis and ApoptosisThere are two different types of cell decease that can happen after TBI. One is mortification, which is the localised decease of cells due to an hurt. The other is apoptosis, or the programmed decease of a cell.Necrosis occurs as a response to major mechanical or ischaemic hypoxic tissue harm associated with an inordinate release of excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters, which is besides accompanied by metabolic failure. Phospholipases, lipid, and proteases later autolyse the membrane and the ensuing cell dust is perceived to be an antigen that is so removed by imflammatory procedure. Scar tissue is later left in its topographic point.In programmed cell decease, nerve cells are integral during the period instantly following injury and have equal ATP production. However, programmed cell death becomes evident hours or even yearss after the primary hurt. This occurs because programmed cell death is an immunological response that occurs in reaction to perceived immune menace ( Elmore ) . resistive menace may happen when cells ar e damaged, and hence programmed cell decease occurs to extinguish damaged cells.SIGNS/SYMPTOMSGlasgow Coma ScaleThe Glasgow Coma Scale is the major graduated table for finding extent and badness of abuse, and for determing the deepness and continuance of coma, as based on verbal public presentation, motor reactivity, and oculus gap to the appropriate stimulations. The GCS offers practicians the chance to estimate the impact of harm related to the primary abuse every bit good as ongoing and germinating harm as secondary abuses present themselves. The graduated table is as followsEye Opening Response4 Spontaneous unfastened with winking3 To verbal stimulation, bid, or address2 To trouble merely1 No responseVerbal Response5 Oriented4 Baffled conversation, but with the ability to react to inquiries3 Inappropriate words2 Inexplicable address1 No responseMotor Response6 Obeys bids for motion5 Motion with intent in response to painful stimulations4 Withdrawal from painful stimulations3 f lexure in response to painful stimulations2 Extension in response to painful stimulations1 No responseThe entire course is so calculated by adding the bingle tonss from oculus opening response, verbal response, and motor response and caput hurts are classified as follows A GCS mark of 13 15 signifies minor caput hurt a GCS mark of 9 12 signifies moderate caput hurt and a GCS mark of ? 8 signifies terrible head hurt.Beginning Center for disease control and preventionA patient is considered comatose if he or she has a GCS of 3 8, has no oculus gap, no verbalisation of words, and does non hold the ability to follow bids.Glasgow Coma Scale change for Pediatrics ( Pons Fr book )Childs who have suffered TBI must be treated otherwise than grownups. The Glasgow Coma Scale has besides hence been modified for rating of kids and is scaled based on the age of the kid, as followsEYE Opening1 twelvemonth4 Spontaneously3 To verbal bid2 To trouble1 No response0 1 twelvemonth4 Spontaneousl y3 To shout2 To trouble1 No responseBEST MOTOR RESPONSE1 twelvemonth6 Obeys5 Localizes hurting4 Flexion backdown3 Flexion kinky2 Extension1 No response0 1 twelvemonth5 Localizes hurting4 Flexion backdown3 Flexion abnormal2 Extension1 No responseBEST VERBAL RESPONSE& A gt 5 old ages5 Oriented and converses4 Disoriented and converses3 Inappropriate words2 Inexplicable sounds1 No response0 2 old ages5 Cries suitably, smilings, coos4 Cries3 Inappropriate weeping or shriek2 Grunts1 No response2 5 old ages5 Appropriate words and phrases4 Inappropriate words3 Cries or shout2 Grunts1 No responseThe entire mark is so calculated by adding the single tonss from oculus gap, best motor response and best motor response. A GCS mark of 13 15 signifies minor caput hurt a GCS mark of 9 12 signifies moderate caput hurt and a GCS mark of ? 8 signifies terrible head hurt.Beginning Pons Fr bookDiagnosisIn general, naming TBI requires practicians maintain several things in headFirst, while the basic mechanisms of TBI are easy distinctive, each TBI injury is alone and patients react otherwise when it comes to response to both primary and secondary abuses.Second, it is indispensable to detect non merely mechanics but besides to detectTBIIn any TBI, the practician must foremost find the fortunes of primary harm. The primary hurt can be either spread or focal. Focal hurts are customarily caused by direct impact to the caput. These by and large result in vascular hurts, cortical bruise, and bleeding that is accompanied by ischaemia ( Albert-Weisenberger ) . Diffuse hurts are customarily caused by acceleration-deceleration forces that leads to spread axonal harm ( Albert-Weisenberger ) .Mild TBIMild TBI falls onto a really wide spectrum ( Iverson ) . Mild TBI can run from mild neurometabolic encephalon alterations that have rapid recovery clip to permanent jobs that come as a consequence of structural encephalon harm. Mild TBI does nt needfully typically do encephalon harm, but it is errant to presume that it can non do encephalon harm. wedded the wide spectrum mild TBI falls on, mild TBI is a really individualised hurt and must be treated as such.The bulk of people who sustain mild TBI recover rapidly and to the full. However, there are some who sustain mild TBI who have long term jobs and necessitate long term attention. huge term jobs may be caused either by the primary abuse, by secondary factors, or by preexistent or co-existing factors that cause or alter jobs. These preexistent or co-existing factors may include but are non limited to factors such as preexistent wellness or mental conditions, chronic hurting, and constitution features. It is indispensable for practicians to see these and other factors that can do or worsen jobs after mild TBI in order to find extent of harm to the individual s encephalon and if there is lasting harm.It is besides of import for practicians to find if the hurt is a complicated or unsophisticated mild TBI. This can be determined by using the undermentioned regulation ( Iverson ) Complicated mild TBI is noted as holding structural abnormalcy that is seeable on neuroimaging unproblematic mild TBI is noted as holding normal neuroimagingDiagnosis of complicated versus unsophisticated mild TBI may be accomplished with a computed imaging ( CT ) scan.There are farther diagnostic standards for of both of theseComplicated Mild TBI is diagnosed ifThe individual has a GCS mark of 13 15 but still shows encephalon abnormalcy of some sort, such as haematoma, bruises, or edema on CT or MRI orIf the individual has a skull breakrustic Mild TBI is diagnosed ifThe individual has no intracranial abnormalcies and no skull breakAll other standards for badness Muse besides be in the mild areaConcussions are considered mild TBIs. This is the general diagnostic term utilized for mild caput hurts sustained in athleticss and are normally associated with good recovery. However, concussions are on a spectrum, as ar e other caput hurts in the mild TBI scope, and it is indispensable for practicians to cognize patient history when offering intervention.Traumatic Brain Injury in SportsTraumatic Brain Injury in the Geriatric PopulationTraumatic Brain Injury in Neonates, Children, and AdolescentsTraumatic Brain Injury in Military PopulationsTBI sustained by military populations may differ from TBI sustained by civilian populations, although the extent to which a difference exists, and what that difference may be, is presently unknown ( Maas ) . However, soldiers deployed in combat locations are more likely to endure blast TBI and perforating TBI than are civilians located in non-combat locations.Recent surveies estimated that about 10 % 20 % of military personnels returning from Operation Iraqi independence and Operation Enduring Freedom tested positive for a likely TBI ( Hoge, Vasterling, Schell in Maas ) . Further, soldiers enduring from mild TBI frequently find that TBI is complicated by post- traumatic ferocity upset ( PTSD ) , although exact incidence of comorbidity as compared to civilian populations is non known, since surveies of civilian populations with TBI do non normally include post-traumatic emphasis upset as a step.However, the issue of post-traumatic emphasis upset must non be minimized in military populations, because its effects may make a distinguishable and alone sensitiveness to the impact TBI has. For case, PTSD may do sleep perturbations, which can worsen TBI secondary abuse.Clinical HistoryIt is of import for practicians to observe whether or non patients who have suffered TBI have a history of old or multiple TBI, as these may both impact result. It is indispensable that each happening of TBI be recorded and that there be an accurate and affectionate patient history detailing TBI happening to let for careful intervention of the current TBI.Physical ExamProbesTreatmentNeurorehabilitation is the basic term utilized to depict the general rehabilitatio n of those persons who have functional damages as a consequence of an hurt or disease that has affected the cardinal nervous system ( CNS ) ( Levine ) .Rehabilitation for TBI may be provided in a assortment of scenes, including ague and subactute installations, place attention, or outpatient attention. The appropriate location for rehabilitation depends on a figure of factors, including the badness of the initial hurt, the attached damages, the degree of demand for ongoing medical attention, and the length of clip that has passed since the initial hurt.Transportation to a rehabilitation scene is by and large considered one time a patient with TBI has been stabilized and no longer requires intensive attention intervention on a uninterrupted footing. However, certain standards must be met for admittance to an ague attention installation ( Levine ) . These includeMedical complexness necessitating specialised nursing expertness in rehabilitation and that a physician be present around th e clock.Reasonable outlook that there will be betterment in map and discharge into the community within a sensitive sum of clip.Deficits in map that require a lower limit of 3 hours of specialised rehabilitation therapy.Those who do nt run into the standards but who still can non return place because they suffer TBI related damages are to be considered for admittance to a subacute rehabilitation plan. Subacute rehabilitation plans provide less intensive medical and nursing intercessionHome attention is intended for persons who no longer necessitateTreatment of Mild TBIEarly intercession is indispensable in people who have suffered a mild TBI, as early intercession, instruction, and confidence of a good result may cut down frequence of post-mild TBI symptoms such as shop loss, concern, and weariness ( Iverson ) .The chief end of early intercession plans is to advance uneventful recovery and the recommencement of normal activities, such as the return to work. Early intercession plan s offer patients educational stuffs and appraisals such as neuropsychological testing, meetings with a healer, and entree to a squad that will assist in their recovery ( Ponsford, in Iverson ) . gentility attempts are aimed at supplying information sing symptoms, likely recovery times, class and reassurance of recovery, and suggested get bying schemes to cover with post-mild TBI symptoms ( Ponsford, in Iverson ) .Depression is common after mild TBI, although the exact cause of the depression is frequently hard to find, as the cause is often multifactorial. Depression can originate as a reaction to the hurt itself, to life stressors either created in response to the hurt, or it could be preexistent. Depression rates in the first 3 months after a mild TBI have ranged from 12 % 44 % ( Horner et al, in Iverson ) .Depression symptoms closely mirror those of post-concussive upset, supplying a diagnostic challenge for practicians. Given this, some research workers have merely recommended a class of antidepressant intervention ( Zafonte, 2002 in Iverson ) or cognitive behavioural therapy ( CBT ) ( Mittenberg in Iverson ) with orienting toward intervention of post-concussion syndrome. Other research workers have besides recommended these interventions with the add-on of exercising for mild depression ( Mead et al, in Iverson ) to better temper and self-pride.PrognosisEarly ConsequenceLate ConsequencesTBI incites an inflammatory response that activates the micro-glia in abode every bit good every bit good as white blood cells permeating from the cardinal nervous system. Post-traumatic redness may go on for many months or even old ages after the initial hurt ( Faden ) . TBI besides incites chronic and acute neurodegeneration ( Faden )PreventionTBI may be prevented by supplying persons with proper safety instruction on the types of bad behaviours that can take to TBI. Additionally, functionaries can work to place populations that are at particularly high hazard for endu ring TBI. In making so, safety steps can so be instituted to assist take down the prevalence of TBI in these populations. Further, offering recommendations on safety cogwheel in high hazard athleticss and educating leaders ( ie managers ) in these countries may take to farther cut downing cases of TBI.Additionally, educating the populace on the difference safety points such as have oning safety belts while driving and siting in autos and have oning helmets while biking or siting a bike can do may take to displace case of TBI. Besides, educating the populace on immaterial substances that increase the hazard of TBI, such as the usage of intoxicant, would be prudent, as avoiding the usage and maltreatment of such points may assist lower cases of TBI.DecisionTraumatic hurt of the caput and encephalon has been a serious issue for world since the morning of civilisation. When external force is applied, an change in encephalon map may ensue. This change in encephalon map is referred to as traumatic encephalon hurt ( TBI ) ( Menon ) .TBI occurs most normally after a sudden blow or daze to the caput ( Spencer ) . There are 3 primary mechanisms of TBI hurt blunt, penetrating, and blast ( Nolan ) . TBI may be mild, moderate or terrible. There are two categorizations of TBI primary abuses and secondary abuses. The primary abuse occurs at the minute of impact. The secondary abuse consists of the complications that result from the primary abuse.While TBI may look stray and trauma confined to the caput, it is in fact a complex, chronic, and dynamic procedure that requires consistent attending as associated affected organic structure systems are managed ( Losiniecki, Masel ) . Additionally, TBI presents otherwise and must be treated otherwise in different populations. Neonates, kids, and geriatric populations present in different ways and must be treated otherwise in neurosurgical units for both mild and terrible TBI.The hereafter of TBI sees research workers acknowledging t he importance of and taking intiative in traveling toward standardisation in specifying TBI and informations aggregation crossways surveies of TBI ( Maas ) .

Life After College

In high school and college we have guidance counselors, course requirements and teachers. But the minute we graduate into adulthood, it seems we are immediately expected to read where to go, what to do, and how to get wherever were going next. Once we do land a decent job, were expected to know how to do whatever it is our oldtimer asks us to do. Once the first paycheck comes, were supposed to know about taxes and healthcare and direct deposits and investing and saving for retirement.We go from being surround by our friends all the time in college to being surrounded by a scattered few once we graduate. With graduation fast approaching, I essential now embark on the next phase of my life. Id love to work at a small e-Learning company, which means Id play lots of different roles. Ive heard about it from a very good friend of mine. My job title would be Manager of instructional Design. I will write the fact sheets. The website copy. I will work on the demos. The content, not the gr aphics. In the area of Project Management Ill righteous manage the project.Check in with the development team. See how were doing on the schedule, communicate with our clients, write all the design documents, project plans, change orders, etc. This is a current area for me. Untested waters. And Im really excited about the project Im working on. Weve got a gig to help an organization with a large membership wiliness an e-Learning strategy. Such an opportunity This will be my job. I hope Like any other girl I hope Ill have a very nice family. A good husband, brave children and a big house, of course.